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Signal musicians in the Roman Legion

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The ancient Olympic Games in Greece included contests of trumpet playing in 396 B.C.E. These contests were judged not by musicality but by volume of sound. The instrument used by the Greek trumpeters was the Salpinx, a reported copy of which is preserved in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. This Salpinx measures 157 cm. and is made of thirteen cylindrical parts made of ivory with a bell made of bronze, as is the mouthpiece. But, signal musicians used as an integral part of a military organization appear first in the Roman Legion. These musicians, called aenatores, utilized a wide variety of trumpets, and signals were sounded on these instruments which the Romans inherited from the Etruscans. The Etruscans were superb metallurgists and smiths, and must have been skilled in the making of bronze or silver trumpets. A collection of forty-three signals were used in the Roman Army. Instruments in the Roman Legion included trumpets such as the Tuba which was conical shaped and about 117 cm. ...

The Troy Museum in Tevfikiye, Turkey

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The Troy Museum in Tevfikiye, Turkey.  The Troy Museum located just 800 meters from the archaeological site of ancient Troy displays 2,000 artifacts from its total collection of over 40,000 artifacts retrieved during excavations of the site from the late 19th century up to the present.  The modern building opened in 2018 houses objects from the  Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age.  Niches on the walls of the entrance ramp contain gravestones, large-sized statues, scenes and mural-sized photographs from the various levels of the excavation in Troy.  The displays are divided into seven sections with the ground floor reserved for artefacts from the Troad region, today Biga Peninsula. These are archaeological remains from the ancient cities of Assos (Behramkale), Tenedos (Bozcaada), Parium, Alexandria Troas (Eski Stambul), Smintheion, Lampsacus (near Lapseki), Thymbra, Tavolia and Imbros (Gökçeada).   Objects on display include tear catche...